The evolution of smart cities: what provisions are vital for their success?
Cities are undergoing a wave of digital transformation. With rapid population growth and urbanization transforming the way we live, improving or even maintaining our current quality of life relies upon using resources more efficiently. To put this point into perspective, it is estimated that by 2050, 66 percent of the global population will live in cities – an additional 2.5 billion people on the current number. Despite this significant change, keeping people and the environment healthy in order to provide sustainable jobs and attractive living spaces should be an objective for every government. After all, a flourishing population is what makes a city tick. The real test for smart cities, therefore, is whether citizens can feel benefits as a direct result of them. We are lucky that we now have the technology to diminish many of the shortcomings of urbanization as this blog will also explore.
Smart cities work by utilizing IoT sensors, actuators, and technology to connect components across the city. This connects every layer of a city, from the air to the street to the Underground. In this way, cloud based IoT applications receive, analyze and manage data in real-time to help municipalities, enterprises, and citizens make better decisions that can, in turn, work towards making our lives that bit easier. Importantly, smart cities also benefit the environment. Pairing devices and data with a city’s physical infrastructure and services can cut costs and improve sustainability with both water and energy usage, which in turn reduces CO2 emissions.
In 2019 the very first edition of the IMD Smart City Index ranked 102 cities worldwide, based on how citizens perceive the scope and impact of efforts to make their cities ‘smart’. The highest ranked city according to the results is Singapore, with northern Europe also doing particularly well, having six cities ranked as part of the top ten.
In Singapore, smart traffic cameras already restrict traffic depending on the level of volume, in order to ease the commute of thousands of passengers every day. What’s more, as fewer transactions are made using cash, and instead use mobile wallet payments for travel, the country is putting in place measures that can understand how many people are paying for tickets at certain times of the day, or up-and-coming areas that might benefit from increased levels of housing.
In Copenhagen, which ranked fifth overall, its smart city projects have used wireless data from phones merged with GPS signals to meet green initiatives city-wide. Using data about how people across the city moved, the city was able to better optimize its flow of traffic. In the end, a 10 percent reduction of travel time for residents was achieved, as well as huge economic benefit from the energy saved.
One thing that is very apparent in making a smart city work, is that all the integrated technology needs to be embraced by the people of the city, which means that building the next generation of smart cities is going to take a massive amount of cooperation between businesses, governments and citizens.
