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Evaluating RAG Systems: Faithfulness, Answer Relevance, Context Precision

The first useful thing to say about evaluating a retrieval-augmented system is that you are not evaluating a model. You…

Jul 21 199K views 11 min read

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What RAG actually is, and why it became the substrate under every serious LLM system

Nobody pitches “this app uses RAG” anymore. That is the whole signal. The moment a pattern stops being the headline,…

Jul 10 182K views 12 min read

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LLM-as-Judge: When One Model Evaluates Another, and When Not to Trust the Verdict

The cheapest evaluator you will ever deploy is another language model, and the cheap thing is also the one that…

Jul 27 177K views 12 min read

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LLM Observability: The Production View of the Harness

LLM observability is just observability applied to a new kind of system. The signals come in the same three shapes…

Jul 30, 2026 Yves Mulkers 125K views 12 min read

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Audit Trails for LLM Applications: What to Log, What to Retain, What Regulators Expect

I sat in on an incident review last quarter that I keep coming back to. A customer-facing assistant had quoted…

Jul 29, 2026 Yves Mulkers 139K views 11 min read

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Data Integrity for LLM Systems: The Upstream Dependency Nobody Owns Yet

The first time I asked a room full of LLM operators which person on their team owned the integrity of…

Jul 28, 2026 Yves Mulkers 98K views 12 min read

LLM-as-Judge: When One Model Evaluates Another, and When Not to Trust the Verdict

The cheapest evaluator you will ever deploy is another language model, and the cheap thing is also the one that…

Jul 27, 2026 Yves Mulkers 177K views 12 min read

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Wikidata and External Knowledge Graphs as Ground Truth for LLM Output QC

The first time I ran a model output through a Wikidata check I felt the same small joy I get…

Jul 26, 2026 Yves Mulkers 79K views 13 min read

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When a Hallucination Is a Design Constraint, Not a Bug

A memory leak is a property of how programs are. A race condition is a property of how concurrent programs…

Jul 25, 2026 Yves Mulkers 39K views 12 min read

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Reducing hallucinations: what the response layer actually does

The first time I watched a team try to “fix hallucination” with a single technique, they spent three months tuning…

Jul 24, 2026 Yves Mulkers 40K views 12 min read

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A Taxonomy of Hallucinations: Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and the Systemic Kind

You cannot mitigate a failure mode you cannot name. That sentence sounds obvious until you sit through a post-incident review…

Jul 23, 2026 Yves Mulkers 92K views 11 min read

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Continuous Evaluation: When the Benchmark Is Your Production Traffic

The held-out test set was a useful fiction. It got us through the first wave of putting language models into…

Jul 22, 2026 Yves Mulkers 96K views 11 min read

Evaluating RAG Systems: Faithfulness, Answer Relevance, Context Precision

The first useful thing to say about evaluating a retrieval-augmented system is that you are not evaluating a model. You…

Jul 21, 2026 Yves Mulkers 199K views 11 min read

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